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MATRIX.C
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1992-09-25
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//
// Copyright (C) 1991 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
// Copyright (C) 1992 General Electric Company.
//
// Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy, modify,
// and distribute this software, provided that this complete copyright and
// permission notice is maintained, intact, in all copies and supporting
// documentation.
//
// Texas Instruments Incorporated, General Electric Company,
// provides this software "as is" without express or implied warranty.
//
#include <cool/Matrix.h> // header of matrix and its envelope
//## hack to workaround BC++ 3.1 Envelope bug
#define CoolEnvelope CoolEnvelope_Matrix
// compare_s -- Pointer operator== function
template<class Type>
Boolean (*CoolMatrix<Type>::compare_s)(const Type&, const Type&);
// Matrix -- constructor specifiying size of Matrix
// Input: Row, Column parameters
// Output: None
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>::CoolMatrix(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols)
: CoolBase_Matrix(rows, cols) {
this->data = new Type*[rows]; // Allocate the row memory
Type* columns = new Type[cols*rows]; // Allocate the array of elmts
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i ++) // For each row in the Matrix
this->data[i] = &columns[i*cols]; // Fill in address of row
if (this->compare_s == NULL) // If not set yet
this->compare_s = &CoolMatrix_is_data_equal; // Default is_equal
}
// Matrix -- constructor specifiying size of matrix and initial value
// Input: Row, Column parameters and initial value
// Output: None
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>::CoolMatrix(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols,
const Type& value)
: CoolBase_Matrix(rows, cols) {
this->data = new Type*[rows]; // Allocate the row memory
Type* columns = new Type[cols*rows]; // Allocate the array of elmts
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i ++) { // For each row in the Matrix
this->data[i] = &columns[i*cols]; // Fill in address of row
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] = value; // Assign initial value
}
if (this->compare_s == NULL) // If not set yet
this->compare_s = &CoolMatrix_is_data_equal; // Default is_equal
}
// Matrix -- constructor specifiying size of matrix and initial values
// Input: Rows, Column parameters and initial values
// Output: None
// Note: Arguments in ... can only be pointers, primitive types like int, double,
// and NOT OBJECTS, passed by reference or value, like vectors, matrices;
// because constructors must be known and called at compile time!!!
// Cannot have char in ..., because char is 1 instead of 4 bytes, and
// va_arg expects sizeof(Type) a multiple of 4 bytes.
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>::CoolMatrix(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols, int n,
Type v00 ...)
: CoolBase_Matrix(rows, cols) {
#if ERROR_CHECKING
if (((sizeof(Type) % 4) != 0) || // Cause alignment problems
(sizeof(Type) > 8)) // User defined classes?
this->va_arg_error(#Type, sizeof(Type)); // So, cannot use this constructor
#endif
this->data = new Type*[rows]; // Allocate the row memory
Type* columns = new Type[cols*rows]; // Allocate the array of elmts
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i ++) // For each row in the Matrix
this->data[i] = &columns[i*cols]; // Fill in address of row
if (n > 0) { // If user specified values
va_list argp; // Declare argument list
va_start (argp, v00); // Initialize macro
for (i = 0; i < rows && n; i++) // For remaining values given
for (int j = 0; j < cols && n; j++, n--) // Moving sequentially in Matrix
if ((i == 0) && (j == 0))
this->data[0][0] = v00; // Hack for v00 ...
else
this->data[i][j] = va_arg(argp, Type); // Extract and assign
va_end(argp);
}
if (this->compare_s == NULL) // If not set yet
this->compare_s = &CoolMatrix_is_data_equal; // Default is_equal
}
// Matrix -- Construct a matrix from a block array of data, stored row-wise.
// Input number of rows and columns, and array of r*c data.
// Ouput None
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>::CoolMatrix(unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols,
const Type* data_block)
: CoolBase_Matrix(rows,cols) {
this->data = new Type*[num_rows]; // Allocate the row memory
int n = num_rows * num_cols; // Number of elements
Type* columns = new Type[n]; // Allocate the array of elmts
for (int d = 0; d < n; d++) // Copy all the data elements
columns[d] = data_block[d];
for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; i ++) // For each row in the Matrix
this->data[i] = &columns[i*num_cols]; // Fill in address of row
}
// Matrix -- Copy constructor
// Input: Matrix reference
// Output: None
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>::CoolMatrix(const CoolMatrix<Type>& m)
: CoolBase_Matrix(m) {
this->data = new Type*[this->num_rows]; // Allocate the row memory
Type* columns = new Type[num_cols*num_rows]; // Allocate the array of elmts
for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; i ++) { // For each row in the Matrix
this->data[i] = &columns[i*num_cols]; // Fill in address of row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]; // Copy value
}
}
// ~Matrix -- Destructor for Matrix class that frees up storage
// Input: *this
// Output: None
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>::~CoolMatrix() {
delete [] this->data[0]; // Free up the array of elmts
delete [] this->data; // Free up the row memory
}
// fill -- Set all elements of a matrix to a specified fill value
// Input: this*, reference to fill value
// Output: None
template<class Type>
void CoolMatrix<Type>::fill (const Type& value) {
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row in the Matrix
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] = value; // Assign fill value
}
// operator= -- Overload the assignment operator to assign a single
// value to the elements of a Matrix.
// Input: *this, reference to a value
// Output: Reference to updated Matrix object
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator= (const Type& value) {
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row in Matrix
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each column in Matrix
this->data[i][j] = value; // Assign value
return *this; // Return Matrix reference
}
// operator= -- Overload the assignment operator to copy the elements
// in one Matrix to another. The existing storage for the
// destination matrix is freed up and new storage of the same
// size as the source is allocated.
// Input: *this, reference to Matrix
// Output: Reference to copied Matrix object
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator= (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m) {
if (this != &m) { // make sure *this != m
if (this->num_rows != m.num_rows || this->num_cols != m.num_cols) {
delete [] this->data[0]; // Free up the array of elmts
delete [] this->data; // Free up the row memory
this->num_rows = m.num_rows; // Copy rows
this->num_cols = m.num_cols; // Copy columns
this->data = new Type*[this->num_rows]; // Allocate the rows
Type* columns = new Type[num_cols*num_rows]; // Allocate the columns
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
this->data[i] = &columns[i*num_cols]; // Fill in address of row
}
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row in the Matrix
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]; // Copy value
}
return *this; // Return Matrix reference
}
// operator== -- Compare the elements of two Matrices of Type Type using
// the Compare pointer to funtion (default is ==). If one
// Matrix has more rows and/or columns than the other, the
// result is FALSE
// Input: Reference to Matrix of Type Type
// Output: TRUE/FALSE
template<class Type>
Boolean CoolMatrix<Type>::operator== (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m) const {
if (this->num_rows != m.num_rows || this->num_cols != m.num_cols) // Size?
return FALSE; // Then not equal
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each columne
if ((*this->compare_s)(this->data[i][j],m.data[i][j]) == FALSE) // Same?
return FALSE; // Then no match
return TRUE; // Else same, so return TRUE
}
// is_data_equal -- Default data comparison function if user has not provided
// another one. Note that this is not inline because we need
// to take the address of it for the compare static variable
// Input: Two Type references
// Output: TRUE/FALSE
template<class Type>
Boolean CoolMatrix_is_data_equal (const Type& t1, const Type& t2) {
return (t1 == t2);
}
// set_compare -- Specify the comparison function to be used
// in logical tests of vector elements
// Input: Pointer to a compare function
// Output: None
template<class Type>
void CoolMatrix<Type>::set_compare (/*Compare##*/Boolean (*c)(const Type&, const Type&)) {
if (c == NULL) // If no argument supplied
this->compare_s = &CoolMatrix_is_data_equal; // Default is_equal
else
this->compare_s = c; // Else set to user function
}
// operator<< -- Overload the output operator to print a matrix
// Input: ostream reference, Matrix reference
// Output: ostream reference
template<class Type>
ostream& operator<< (ostream& s, const CoolMatrix<Type>& m) {
for (int i = 0; i < m.rows(); i++) { // For each row in matrix
for (int j = 0; j < m.columns(); j++) // For each column in matrix
s << m.data[i][j] << " "; // Output data element
s << "\n"; // Output newline
}
return (s); // Return ostream reference
}
// operator+= -- Destructive matrix addition of a scalar.
// Input: this*, scalar value
// Output: New matrix reference
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator+= (const Type& value) {
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] += value; // Add scalar
return *this;
}
// operator*= -- Destructive matrix multiplication by a scalar.
// Input: this*, scalar value
// Output: New matrix reference
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator*= (const Type& value) {
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] *= value; // Multiply by scalar
return *this;
}
// operator/= -- Destructive matrix division by a scalar.
// Input: this*, scalar value
// Output: New matrix reference
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator/= (const Type& value) {
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] /= value; // division by scalar
return *this;
}
// operator+= -- Destructive matrix addition with assignment. Note that the
// dimensions of each matrix must be identical
// Input: this*, matrix reference
// Output: Updated this* matrix reference
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator+= (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m) {
if (this->num_rows != m.num_rows || this->num_cols != m.num_cols) // Size?
this->dimension_error ("operator+=", "Type",
this->num_rows, this->num_cols, m.num_rows, m.num_cols);
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
this->data[i][j] += m.data[i][j]; // Add elements
return *this;
}
// operator-= -- Destructive matrix subtraction with assignment. Note that the
// dimensions of each matrix must be identical
// Input: this*, matrix reference
// Output: Updated this* matrix reference
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::operator-= (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m) {
if (this->num_rows != m.num_rows || this->num_cols != m.num_cols) // Size?
this->dimension_error ("operator-=", "Type",
this->num_rows, this->num_cols, m.num_rows, m.num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++)
this->data[i][j] -= m.data[i][j];
return *this;
}
// operator* -- Non Destructive matrix multiply
// num_cols of first matrix must match num_rows of second matrix.
// Input: two matrix references
// Output: New matrix containing the product.
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > operator* (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m1,
const CoolMatrix<Type>& m2) {
if (m1.num_cols != m2.num_rows) // dimensions do not match?
m1.dimension_error ("operator*=", "Type",
m1.num_rows, m1.num_cols, m2.num_rows, m2.num_cols);
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(m1.num_rows, m2.num_cols); // Temporary to store product
for (int i = 0; i < m1.num_rows; i++) { // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < m2.num_cols; j++) { // For each element in column
Type sum = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < m1.num_cols; k++) // Loop over column values
sum += (m1.data[i][k] * m2.data[k][j]); // Multiply
temp(i,j) = sum;
}
}
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// operator- -- Non-destructive matrix negation. a = -b;
// Input: this*
// Output: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::operator- () const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++)
temp.data[i][j] = - this->data[i][j];
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// operator+ -- Non-destructive matrix addition of a scalar.
// Input: this*, scalar value
// Output: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::operator+ (const Type& value) const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
temp.data[i][j] = (this->data[i][j] + value); // Add scalar
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// operator* -- Non-destructive matrix multiply by a scalar.
// Input: this*, scalar value
// Output: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::operator* (const Type& value) const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
temp.data[i][j] = (this->data[i][j] * value); // Multiply
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// operator/ -- Non-destructive matrix division by a scalar.
// Input: this*, scalar value
// Output: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::operator/ (const Type& value) const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
for (int i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++) // For each row
for (int j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++) // For each element in column
temp.data[i][j] = (this->data[i][j] / value); // Divide
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
////--------------------------- Additions ------------------------------------
// transpose -- Return the transpose of this matrix.
// Input: this*
// Ouput: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::transpose() const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_cols, this->num_rows);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < this->num_cols; i++)
for (j = 0; j < this->num_rows; j++)
temp.data[i][j] = this->data[j][i];
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// abs -- Return the matrix of the absolute values.
// Input: this*
// Ouput: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::abs() const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++)
if (this->data[i][j] < 0)
temp.data[i][j] = - this->data[i][j];
else
temp.data[i][j] = this->data[i][j];
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// sign -- Return the matrix whose elements are either -1,1 or 0
// depending on whether the corresponding values are negative, positive, or 0.
// Input: this*
// Ouput: New matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::sign() const {
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < this->num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < this->num_cols; j++)
if (this->data[i][j] == 0) // test fuzz equality to 0
temp.data[i][j] = 0; // first.
else
if (this->data[i][j] < 0)
temp.data[i][j] = -1;
else
temp.data[i][j] = 1;
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// element_product -- return the matrix whose elements are the products
// Input: 2 matrices m1, m2 by reference
// Output: New matrix, whose elements are m1[ij]*m2[ij].
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > element_product (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m1, const CoolMatrix<Type>& m2) {
if (m1.num_rows != m2.num_rows || m1.num_cols != m2.num_cols) // Size?
m1.dimension_error ("element_product", "Type",
m1.num_rows, m1.num_cols, m2.num_rows, m2.num_cols);
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(m1.num_rows, m1.num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < m1.num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < m1.num_cols; j++)
temp.data[i][j] = m1.data[i][j] * m2.data[i][j];
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// element_quotient -- return the matrix whose elements are the quotients
// Input: 2 matrices m1, m2 by reference
// Output: New matrix, whose elements are m1[ij]/m2[ij].
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > element_quotient (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m1, const CoolMatrix<Type>& m2) {
if (m1.num_rows != m2.num_rows || m1.num_cols != m2.num_cols) // Size?
m1.dimension_error ("element_quotient", "Type",
m1.num_rows, m1.num_cols, m2.num_rows, m2.num_cols);
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(m1.num_rows, m1.num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < m1.num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < m1.num_cols; j++)
temp.data[i][j] = m1.data[i][j] / m2.data[i][j];
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// update -- replace a submatrix of this, by the actual argument.
// Input: *this, starting corner specified by top and left.
// Ouput: mutated reference.
template<class Type>
CoolMatrix<Type>& CoolMatrix<Type>::update (const CoolMatrix<Type>& m,
unsigned int top, unsigned int left) {
unsigned int bottom = top + m.num_rows;
unsigned int right = left + m.num_cols;
if (this->num_rows < bottom || this->num_cols < right)
this->dimension_error ("update", "Type",
bottom-top, right-left, m.num_rows, m.num_cols);
int i, j;
for (i = top; i < bottom; i++)
for (j = left; j < right; j++)
this->data[i][j] = m.data[i-top][j-left];
return *this;
}
// extract -- Return a submatrix specified by the top-left corner and size.
// Input: *this, starting corner specified by top and left, and size.
// Ouput: new matrix
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > CoolMatrix<Type>::extract (unsigned int rows, unsigned int cols, unsigned int top, unsigned int left) const{
unsigned int bottom = top + rows;
unsigned int right = left + cols;
if ((this->num_rows < bottom) || (this->num_cols < right))
this->dimension_error ("extract", "Type",
bottom-top, right-left, rows, cols);
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(rows, cols);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) // actual copy of all elements
for (int j = 0; j < cols ; j++) // in submatrix
temp.data[i][j] = data[top+i][left+j];
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
// determinant -- Determinant of a square matrix using Cramer's rule.
// Signal Error exception if the matrix is not square.
template<class Type>
Type CoolMatrix<Type>::determinant () const {
if (this->num_rows != this->num_cols || this->num_rows < 2)
this->dimension_error ("determinant", "Type",
this->num_rows, this->num_cols,
this->num_rows, this->num_cols);
int n = this->num_rows, r, i, j;
Type det = 0, prod;
if (n == 2) {
det = (this->data[0][0] * this->data[1][1] - // border case of 2x2 matrix
this->data[0][1] * this->data[1][0]);
} else {
for (r = 0; r < n; r++) { // compute sum of products
prod = 1; // along diagonals
for (i = r, j = 0; i < n; i++, j++) // top-left to bottom-right
prod *= this->data[i][j];
for (i = 0; j < n; i++, j++)
prod *= this->data[i][j];
det += prod; // coeft = +1
}
int e = n-1; // index of last row/col
for (r = 0; r < n; r++) { // compute sum of products
prod = 1; // along diagonals
for (i = r, j = e; i < n; i++, j--) // top-right to bottom-left
prod *= this->data[i][j];
for (i=0; j >= 0; i++, j--)
prod *= this->data[i][j];
det -= prod; // coeft = -1
}
}
return det;
}
// dot_product -- Return the dot product of the row or column vectors
// Input: 2 vectors by reference
// Ouput: dot product value
template<class Type>
Type dot_product (const CoolMatrix<Type>& v1, const CoolMatrix<Type>& v2) {
if (v1.num_rows != v2.num_rows || v1.num_cols != v2.num_cols) // Size?
v1.dimension_error ("dot_product", "Type",
v1.num_rows, v1.num_cols, v2.num_rows, v2.num_cols);
Type dot = 0;
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < v1.num_rows; i++)
for (j = 0; j < v1.num_cols; j++) // generalized dot-product
dot += v1.data[i][j] * v2.data[i][j]; // of matrices
return dot;
}
// cross_2d -- Return the 2X1 cross-product of 2 2d-vectors
// Input: 2 vectors by reference
// Ouput: cross product value
template<class Type>
Type cross_2d (const CoolMatrix<Type>& v1, const CoolMatrix<Type>& v2) {
if (v1.num_rows != v2.num_rows || v1.num_cols != v2.num_cols)
v1.dimension_error ("cross_2d", "Type",
v1.num_rows, v1.num_cols, v2.num_rows, v2.num_cols);
CoolMatrix<Type>& m1 = (CoolMatrix<Type>&) v1; // cast away const.
CoolMatrix<Type>& m2 = (CoolMatrix<Type>&) v2;
return (m1.x() * m2.y() // work for both col/row
- // representation.
m1.y() * m2.x());
}
// cross_3d -- Return the 3X1 cross-product of 2 3d-vectors
// Input: 2 vectors by reference
// Ouput: 3d cross product vector
template<class Type>
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> > cross_3d (const CoolMatrix<Type>& v1, const CoolMatrix<Type>& v2) {
if (v1.num_rows != v2.num_rows || v1.num_cols != v2.num_cols)
v1.dimension_error ("cross_3d", "Type",
v1.num_rows, v1.num_cols, v2.num_rows, v2.num_cols);
CoolMatrix<Type> temp(v1.num_rows, v1.num_cols);
CoolMatrix<Type>& m1 = (CoolMatrix<Type>&) v1; // cast away const.
CoolMatrix<Type>& m2 = (CoolMatrix<Type>&) v2;
temp.x() = m1.y() * m2.z() - m1.z() * m2.y(); // work for both col/row
temp.y() = m1.z() * m2.x() - m1.x() * m2.z(); // representation
temp.z() = m1.x() * m2.y() - m1.y() * m2.x();
CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >& result = (CoolEnvelope< CoolMatrix<Type> >&) temp; // same physical object
return result; // copy of envelope
}
//## hack to workaround BC++ 3.1 Envelope bug
#undef CoolEnvelope